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gamete | Keimzellen | 配子/生殖細胞

本文永久地址 : http://www.bioipr.com/lexis/33/

关键词/Keywords: gamete, Keimzellen, 生殖細胞, 配子

↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓中文解释↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓

生殖細胞,也作性細胞或配子,(希腊語: γαμέτες)是單倍體細胞,它由行有性生殖生物在特定的器官通過減數分裂產生。兩性生殖細胞通過配子結合 產生合子有性生殖的好處是遺傳信息的重組,這也是物種內遺傳信息的多樣性的由來,當自體受精被阻止時,效果就更明顯。這是通過交配類型的不同(即:性別)實現的。個體和該個體產生的配子屬於同種性別,而同種性別的配子是不能融合的。性別體現在生理方面,有時也體現在外形上(請見異形配子)。大部分種屬有兩種性別,但也有種有兩種以上的性別。在較原始的生命形式例如單細胞鞭毛蟲,它們的生殖細胞外形與其他正常相似無異。但是在一些多細胞藻類,相互之間能融合的生殖細胞則是外貌上難以被區分,它們被稱為同形配子,這種配子的融合被稱做同配生殖。其實同形配子在生理上是有分別的,就是說它倆屬於不同的交配類型。人們為了以示區別,將兩者分別命名為+配子和-配子。

但大多數生物的配子在形態上就可以被區分開來,它們被稱為異形配子和異配生殖。還有如草履蟲者,分為小型的,能動的小配子和大的,難動的大配子兩種。而在卵式生殖中,人們將兩種性別稱為雌性雄性。雌性配子不能活動,被稱做卵細胞。它比雄性配子大很多,即精子。但有些生物的精子是不能動的,被稱為精細胞。

↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓英文解释↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓

A gamete (from Ancient Greek γαμετης; translated gamete = wife, gametes = husband) is a cell that fuses with another gamete during fertilization (conception) in organisms that reproduce sexually. In species which produce two morphologically distinct types of gametes, and in which each individual produces only one type, a female is any individual which produces the larger type of gamete-called an ovum (or egg)-and a male produces the smaller type-called a sperm. This is an example of anisogamy or heterogamy, the condition wherein females and males produce gametes of different sizes. In contrast, isogamy is the state of gametes from both sexes being the same size. The name gamete was introduced by the Austrian biologist Gregor Mendel.

↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓文解释↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓ Gameten, auch bekannt als Geschlechtszellen oder Keimzellen, sind haploide Zellen, die von sich geschlechtlich fortpflanzenden Organismen meist in besonderen Organen erzeugt werden. Der Geschlechtsvorgang besteht aus einer Verschmelzung von zwei Gameten und wird Gametogamie genannt. Das Verschmelzungsprodukt nennt man Zygote. _______________________________________

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